This work was supported by grants from the TCM Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province, China (2017ZA055;2018ZA036), and the Science and Technology Project of Zunyi, Guizhou province, China (Zunyi City Kehe Support NS (2020) No. 18) to X. Xu. The authors thank the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Youjia (Hangzhou) Biomedical Technology Company for providing cell culture training.

Fresh normal mammary tissues used in this protocol are collected from surgery around the lesion of refractory granulomatous lobular mastitis in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University according to the guidelines of Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Protocol No. ChiMCTR2100005281, Date: 2017-07-17).
1. Acquisition of tissue
<ol>
	<li>Collect fresh mammary tissues from surgical specimens taken from adult women into sterile tubes containing 10 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 3% penicillin/streptomycin (P/S). 
	NOTE: Mammary tissues should be handled according to the following details within 24 h after collection from the surgery.</li>
</ol>
2. Pretreatment of tissue
<ol>
	<li>Remove the adipose tissue from the mammary tissue with two pairs of forceps, ensuring that the remaining mammary tissue is ~1 g in weight.</li>
	<li>Rinse the mammary tissue in a 75% ethanol solution (5 mL) for 5 s and then wash with 20 mL of washing solution (Table 1) for 2 x 5 min.</li>
</ol>
3. Digestion of tissue
<ol>
	<li>Slice the mammary tissue into smaller fragments, shredding the tissue using two surgical blades for a duration of 15 min to obtain the tissue homogenate. Transfer the tissue pieces to a 50 mL centrifuge tube.</li>
	<li>Add 10 mL of 5.0 mg/mL dispase + 5.0 mg/mL collagenase solution, 3 mL of 0.25% trypsin, and 7 mL of PBS to a total of 20 mL of digestion solution in a 50 mL centrifuge tube that contains the mammary tissue fragments. Place the tube in a water bath at 37 &#176;C and incubate for 1.5 h; shake the tube every 20 min.</li>
	<li>Stop the digestion process by injecting 20 mL of the neutralizing solution. Mix the contents by pipetting ~15x.</li>
	<li>Filter the mixture through a 100 &#181;m mesh filter. Centrifuge at 156 &#215; g for 5 min.</li>
	<li>Remove the supernatant and repeat the incubation of the pellet with 20 mL of neutralizing solution. Mix the contents by pipetting 15x and centrifuge at 156 &#215; g for 5 min.</li>
	<li>Remove the supernatant carefully and resuspend the cell pellet with 10 mL of initial culture medium. Plate the cell suspension in a 100 mm cell culture dish.</li>
	<li>Cultivate the cells in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37 &#176;C. Replace the original culture medium with fresh epithelial cell medium every third day. Check the cells and refresh the medium every 2 days.</li>
</ol>
4. Cell passaging
<ol>
	<li>Remove the 100 mm dish from the incubator when cells reach 80%-90% confluency, discard the used medium, and rinse the dish 2x with 2 mL of PBS. Remove PBS and then add 2 mL of 0.05% trypsin into each 100 mm dish. 
	NOTE: Swirl the dish to make sure that the trypsin solution has sufficient contact with the bottom of the dish.</li>
	<li>Place the 100 mm dish in a 37 &#176;C incubator for ~7 min for the digestion process.</li>
	<li>Examine the cells with a microscope using a 40x objective to ensure that most of the cells have been dissociated from the bottom of the dish.</li>
	<li>Stop the digestion process by adding 8 mL of neutralizing solution and transfer the cells to a 15 mL tube. Mix the cells by pipetting up and down 10-15x. Centrifuge the cells at 156 &#215; g for 5 min.</li>
	<li>Remove the supernatant carefully, resuspend the cells with 10 mL of epithelial cell medium, and count the number of cells.</li>
	<li>Add 1 &#215; 106 cells in 10 mL of epithelial cell medium in a 100 mm dish.</li>
	<li>Refresh the epithelial cell medium and observe the cells every 2 days.</li>
</ol>
5. Cell cryopreservation
<ol>
	<li>Repeat steps 4.1-4.4.</li>
	<li>Remove the supernatant carefully and resuspend the cells in 2 mL of cell cryopreservation solution.</li>
	<li>Transfer 1 mL of the cryopreservation solution containing the cells into each cryogenic vial.</li>
	<li>Record the names of the cryopreserved cells, the passage numbers, and the dates.</li>
	<li>Place the vials in a controlled rate freezing container at -80 &#176;C overnight.</li>
	<li>Remove the cryogenic vials from the -80 &#176;C freezer and quickly transfer them to liquid nitrogen for long-term storage.</li>
</ol>

Protocol for Isolating Mammary Epithelial Cells from Human Tissue

<ol>
	<li>Smolarz, B., Nowak, A. Z., Romanowicz, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breast+cancer-epidemiology,+classification,+pathogenesis+and+treatment+(review+of+literature).">Breast cancer-epidemiology, classification, pathogenesis and treatment (review of literature).</a> Cancers (Basel). 14 (10), 2569 (2022).</li><li>Gudjonsson, T., Adriance, M. C., Sternlicht, M. D., Petersen, O. W., Bissell, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myoepithelial+cells:+Their+origin+and+function+in+breast+morphogenesis+and+neoplasia.">Myoepithelial cells: Their origin and function in breast morphogenesis and neoplasia.</a> J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 10 (3), 261-272 (2005).</li><li>Faridi, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+the+primary+epithelial+breast+cancer+cells+and+the+adjacent+normal+epithelial+cells+from+iranian+women's+breast+cancer+tumors.">Isolation and characterization of the primary epithelial breast cancer cells and the adjacent normal epithelial cells from iranian women's breast cancer tumors.</a> Cytotechnology. 70 (2), 625-639 (2018).</li><li>Tovar, E. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissecting+the+rat+mammary+gland:+Isolation,+characterization,+and+culture+of+purified+mammary+epithelial+cells+and+fibroblasts.">Dissecting the rat mammary gland: Isolation, characterization, and culture of purified mammary epithelial cells and fibroblasts.</a> Bio Protoc. 10 (22), e3818 (2020).</li><li>Jiang, X., Yang, H., Jing, Q., He, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+&amp;#34;selective+secondary+tissue+attachment&amp;#34;+method+for+isolation+and+purification+of+mammary+epithelial+cells.">A &amp;#34;selective secondary tissue attachment&amp;#34; method for isolation and purification of mammary epithelial cells.</a> Acta Histochem. 124 (8), 151972 (2022).</li><li>Bernardini, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+pig+mammary+epithelial+cell+culture+model+as+a+non-clinical+tool+for+studying+epithelial+barrier-a+contribution+from+the+imi-conception+project.">Development of a pig mammary epithelial cell culture model as a non-clinical tool for studying epithelial barrier-a contribution from the imi-conception project.</a> Animals (Basel). 11 (7), 2012 (2021).</li><li>Zhang, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transdifferentiation+of+goat+ear+fibroblasts+into+lactating+mammary+epithelial+cells+induced+by+small+molecule+compounds.">Transdifferentiation of goat ear fibroblasts into lactating mammary epithelial cells induced by small molecule compounds.</a> Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 573, 55-61 (2021).</li><li>Hammond, S. L., Ham, R. G., Stampfer, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serum-free+growth+of+human+mammary+epithelial+cells:+Rapid+clonal+growth+in+defined+medium+and+extended+serial+passage+with+pituitary+extract.">Serum-free growth of human mammary epithelial cells: Rapid clonal growth in defined medium and extended serial passage with pituitary extract.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 81 (17), 5435-5439 (1984).</li><li>Zubeldia-Plazaola, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+methods+for+the+isolation+of+human+breast+epithelial+and+myoepithelial+cells.">Comparison of methods for the isolation of human breast epithelial and myoepithelial cells.</a> Front Cell Dev Biol. 3, 32 (2015).</li><li>Liu, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simplified+and+efficient+method+to+isolate+primary+human+keratinocytes+from+adult+skin+tissue.">A simplified and efficient method to isolate primary human keratinocytes from adult skin tissue.</a> J Vis Exp. (138), e57784 (2018).</li><li>Xie, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+culture+of+primary+human+gingival+epithelial+cells+using+y-27632.">Isolation and culture of primary human gingival epithelial cells using y-27632.</a> J Vis Exp. (177), e62978 (2021).</li><li>Jin, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+primary+human+mammary+epithelial+cells+isolated+and+propagated+by+conditional+reprogrammed+cell+culture.">Characterization of primary human mammary epithelial cells isolated and propagated by conditional reprogrammed cell culture.</a> Oncotarget. 9 (14), 11503-11514 (2018).</li><li>B&#246;cker, W., Hungermann, D., Decker, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomy+of+the+breast.">Anatomy of the breast.</a> Pathologe. 30 (1), 6-12 (2009).</li><li>Kouros-Mehr, H., Slorach, E. M., Sternlicht, M. D., Werb, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gata-3+maintains+the+differentiation+of+the+luminal+cell+fate+in+the+mammary+gland.">Gata-3 maintains the differentiation of the luminal cell fate in the mammary gland.</a> Cell. 127 (5), 1041-1055 (2006).</li><li>Wang, X., Reagan, M. R., Kaplan, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthetic+adipose+tissue+models+for+studying+mammary+gland+development+and+breast+tissue+engineering.">Synthetic adipose tissue models for studying mammary gland development and breast tissue engineering.</a> J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 15 (3), 365-376 (2010).</li><li>Ethier, S. P., Mahacek, M. L., Gullick, W. J., Frank, T. S., Weber, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+isolation+of+normal+luminal+mammary+epithelial+cells+and+breast+cancer+cells+from+primary+and+metastatic+sites+using+selective+media.">Differential isolation of normal luminal mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells from primary and metastatic sites using selective media.</a> Cancer Res. 53 (3), 627-635 (1993).</li><li>Band, V., Sager, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinctive+traits+of+normal+and+tumor-derived+human+mammary+epithelial+cells+expressed+in+a+medium+that+supports+long-term+growth+of+both+cell+types.">Distinctive traits of normal and tumor-derived human mammary epithelial cells expressed in a medium that supports long-term growth of both cell types.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 86 (4), 1249-1253 (1989).</li><li>Taylor-Papadimitriou, J., Shearer, M., Tilly, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Some+properties+of+cells+cultured+from+early-lactation+human+milk.">Some properties of cells cultured from early-lactation human milk.</a> J Natl Cancer Inst. 58 (6), 1563-1571 (1977).</li><li>Wen, J., Zu, T., Zhou, Q., Leng, X., Wu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Y-27632+simplifies+the+isolation+procedure+of+human+primary+epidermal+cells+by+selectively+blocking+focal+adhesion+of+dermal+cells.">Y-27632 simplifies the isolation procedure of human primary epidermal cells by selectively blocking focal adhesion of dermal cells.</a> J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 12 (2), e1251-e1255 (2018).</li><li>Yin, J., Yu, F. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rho+kinases+regulate+corneal+epithelial+wound+healing.">Rho kinases regulate corneal epithelial wound healing.</a> Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 295 (2), C378-C387 (2008).</li><li>Chapman, S., Liu, X., Meyers, C., Schlegel, R., Mcbride, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+keratinocytes+are+efficiently+immortalized+by+a+rho+kinase+inhibitor.">Human keratinocytes are efficiently immortalized by a rho kinase inhibitor.</a> J Clin Invest. 120 (7), 2619-2626 (2010).</li><li>&#346;cie&#380;y&#324;ska, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+culture+of+human+primary+keratinocytes-a+methods+review.">Isolation and culture of human primary keratinocytes-a methods review.</a> Exp Dermatol. 28 (2), 107-112 (2019).</li><li>Stenn, K. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

HMECs are vital in preserving the anatomical and functional integrity of mammary tissue and they are useful in scientific investigations, clinical implementations, and associated domains15. Primary epithelial cells are a type of specialized cells that have limited passages and shorter lifespans. However, the growth of HMECs has been hindered by technical constraints, which have consequently hindered research advancements in breast cancer and other inflammatory diseases related to the breast<sup cl...

Breast cancer is the primary type of cancer diagnosed in women globally and is the primary cause of death from cancer1. The pathogenesis of breast cancer is complex, involving multiple factors such as genetics, environment, and lifestyle. HMECs, active milk-producing cells, are one of the most important components of mammary tissue and likely are the original cells involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis. Therefore, HMECs have received the most attention from researchers for the study of breast cancer2. Furthermore, primary cells have the ability to provide a biologically relevant characterization of complex cellular processes due to their retention of genetic stability, normal morphology, and a more complete set of basic cellular functions that cannot be achieved with immortalized cell lines3. Hence, the isolation and culture of primary HMECs is an essential step for the study of most breast-related diseases such as breast cancer and breast inflammatory diseases.
At present, a stable and reproducible system for the isolation, culture, and identification of mammary epithelial cells from rats, cows, pigs, and goats has been established4,5,6,7. However, the isolation and culture of primary HMECs are challenging due to the complex microenvironment and the low yield of cells. For decades, scientists have been searching for the most effective method to isolate and cultivate HMECs although a culture system for HMECs was established nearly 20 years ago. For example, Hammond et al. developed a serum-free culture medium in which HMECs grew efficiently8. Recently, Zubeldia-Plazaola et al. tested four different isolation methods using fast/slow enzyme digestion procedures combined with sequential filtration or differential centrifugation steps to obtain HMECs9. They found that the slow digestion method together with differential centrifugation is the most efficient method to isolate HMECs from fresh breast tissue. However, that isolation method requires large pieces of tissue (40-75 g) and uses larger amounts of digestion enzymes. Their procedure is complicated (at least three different centrifugations to obtain different cell fractions), as well as time-consuming. Therefore, a simple and quick method is still needed to efficiently obtain populations of HMECs from small amounts of mammary tissue for research and clinical applications9.
Our previous studies showed that adding the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 into the initial culture medium can simplify the process of isolating human skin epidermal cells10, which has also been successfully used for the isolation of gingival epithelial cells11. Additionally, earlier research conducted by Zubeldia-Plazaola&#39;s group and Jin&#39;s group has indicated that Y-27632 has the ability to stimulate quick and unlimited in vitro growth of primary epithelial cells derived from mammary tissue9,12. The present study aimed to test whether using Y-27632 would simplify the isolation and culture of HMECs and we successfully established a simple and easily performed method to isolate HMECs from small pieces (1 g) of mammary tissue.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.05% Trypsin</td>
			<td>Basalmedia</td>
			<td>K431010</td>
			<td>For HMECs&#160; dissociation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL microcentrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>NEST</td>
			<td>081722CK01</td>
			<td>For cell digestion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 &#181;m mesh filter</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>431752</td>
			<td>For HMECs filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 mm Cell Culture Dish</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430167</td>
			<td>For cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>solarbio</td>
			<td>P1110-100ml</td>
			<td>For immunofluorescence staining to check differentiation marker of HMECs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430829</td>
			<td>For cell centrifugation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Strainer</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>431752</td>
			<td>Cell filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5404HN133048</td>
			<td>Cell centrifuge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>42820906</td>
			<td>For cell incubation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase Type I</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>SKU:SCR103</td>
			<td>For HMECs isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase&#160;</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>CAS:42613-33-2</td>
			<td>For HMECs isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>8122622</td>
			<td>Component of neutralization medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>2556132P</td>
			<td>Component of neutralization medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>Antibiotics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered solution</td>
			<td>Tecono</td>
			<td>20201033</td>
			<td>Washing solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>rabbit anti CK7</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab68459</td>
			<td>For immunofluorescence staining to check differentiation marker of HMECs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>rabbit anti GATA3</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab199428</td>
			<td>For immunofluorescence staining to check differentiation marker of HMECs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Y-27632</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>IY0040</td>
			<td>ROCK inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and culture of primary human mammary epithelial cells

The mammary gland is a fundamental structure of the breast and plays an essential role in reproduction. Human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), which are the origin cells of breast cancer and other breast-related inflammatory diseases, have garnered considerable attention. However, isolating and culturing primary HMECs in vitro for research purposes has been challenging due to their highly differentiated, keratinized nature and their short lifespan. Therefore, developing a simple and efficient method to isolate and culture HMECs is of great scientific value for the study of breast biology and breast-related diseases. In this study, we successfully isolated primary HMECs from small amounts of mammary tissue by digestion with a mixture of enzymes combined with an initial culture in 5% fetal bovine serum-DMEM containing the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, followed by culture expansion in serum-free keratinocyte medium. This approach selectively promotes the growth of epithelial cells, resulting in an optimized cell yield. The simplicity and convenience of this method make it suitable for both laboratory and clinical research, which should provide valuable insights into these important areas of study.

Author Spotlight: Integrating Eastern and Western Medicine for Treatment of Granulomatous Mastitis

Isolation and Culture of Primary Human Mammary Epithelial Cells

Our research focus on elucidating the treatment avenues for refractory granulomatous mastitis. Leveraging an integrative approach that combines traditional Chinese and Western medicinal methodologies simultaneously will expose the complex pathogenic mechanisms driving the disease and its complications, with a focus to endeavor to alleviate these issues and improve patient prognostication. Our research reports an easier, time-saving, and the economical protocol for efficiently isolating and growing primary human mammary epithelial cells, or HMECs, from a small amount of mammary tissue.This protocol is suitable for quickly producing primary HMECs for lab and clinical applications. Building upon this study, we aim to develop a granulomatous mastitis mammary epithelial cell model to deepen our understanding of etiology and validated treatment strategies.

Figure 1 shows a schematic of the procedure. The protocol involves the use of a combination of enzymes, namely, dispase, collagenase, and trypsin. This combination is utilized for the purpose of detaching the epithelial sheet from the fibroblast layer beneath it and subsequently utilizing trypsin to dissociate the mammary epithelial cells into a suspension. In addition, the growth of epithelial cells was effectively promoted by adding Y-27632 to the initial culture medium. As a result, this ...

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Isolation and Culture of Primary Human Mammary Epithelial Cells at JoVE.com

The present study reports an easier, time-saving, and economical protocol to efficiently isolate and grow primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) from small amounts of mammary tissue. This protocol is suitable for quickly producing primary HMECs both for laboratory and clinical applications.

The mammary gland is a fundamental structure of the breast and plays an essential role in reproduction. Human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), which are ...

isolation-and-culture-of-primary-human-mammary-epithelial-cells

Research

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Biology

764 Aufrufe.  The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. Unser Forschungsschwerpunkt liegt auf der Aufklärung der Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der refraktären granulomatösen Mastitis. Die Nutzung eines integrativen Ansatzes, der traditionelle chinesische und westliche medizinische Methoden gleichzeitig kombiniert, wird die komplexen pathogenen Mechanismen aufdecken, die die Krankheit und ihre Komplikationen antreiben, mit dem Ziel, diese Probleme zu lindern und die Prognose der Patienten zu verbessern. Unsere Forschung berichtet von einem einfacher...

Serie: Autor im Rampenlicht: Integration östlicher und westlicher Medizin zur Behandlung von granulomatöser Mastitis

Digestion of Mammary Tissue for Isolating Human Mammary Epithelial Cells

Begin by dissociating the tissue. Use two pairs of forceps to remove the adipose tissue from the mammary tissue. Ensure that the remaining mammary tissue weighs approximately one gram.Rinse the mammary tissue in five milliliters of 75%ethanol solution for five seconds. Then, wash with 20 milliliters of washing solution two times for five minutes each. Then, use two surgical blades to slice the mammary tissue into smaller fragments.Continuously for 15 minutes to obtain a tissue homogenate, transfer the shredded tissue to a 50 milliliter centrifuge tube. Add 10 milliliters of dispase and collagenase solution, three milliliters of 0.25%trypsin, and seven milliliters of PBS for a total of 20 milliliters of digestion solution. Place the tube in a water bath at 37 degrees Celsius and incubate for 1 1/2 hours, shaking the tube every 20 minutes.To stop the digestion process, add 20 milliliters of neutralizing solution. Then, pipette the contents approximately 15 times to ensure thorough mixing. Filter the mixture through a 100 micron mesh filter.After that, centrifuge at 156G for five minutes. Then, remove the supernatant. Repeat incubation of the pellet with 20 milliliters of neutralizing solution, then mix by pipetting.Centrifuge again for five minutes. Carefully remove the supernatant and resuspend the cell pellet with 10 milliliters of initial culture medium. Plate the cell suspension in a 100 millimeter cell culture dish.Cultivate the cells in a 5%carbon dioxide incubator at 37 degrees Celsius. Replace the original culture medium with fresh epithelial cell medium every third day. Check the cells and refresh the medium every two days.Using this protocol, human mammary epithelial cells were isolated from mammary tissue. Post isolation analysis showed that cells treated with ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 exhibited pronounced growth compared to the control group. CCK-8 assay revealed that cells in the medium containing Y-27632 proliferated at a significantly higher rate than those in the control medium.Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that the majority of cells expressed mammary epithelial cell markers, CK7 and GATA3, with negligible presence of other cell types in subsequent passages. Further, qRT-PCR studies showed consistent expression levels of CK7 and GATA3 over several passages indicating consistent phenotype or differentiation capacity.