Part 1: Preparing the microfluidic neuron device
<ol>
<li>A&nbsp;3" silicon wafer with a pattern made out of SU-8 by photolithography is used to cast the Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic mold. We refer to the SU-8 patterned silicon wafer as master molds, or "masters".</li>
<li>PDMS is mixed with curing agent at a w/w ratio of 10:1, that is, for 10 grams of PDMS, 1 gram of curing agent is added to it.</li>
<li>The PDMS is then mixed well and poured onto the silicon wafer. The silicon wafer is contained within a 10 cm polystyrene Petri dish. It takes approximately 12 g to 15 g of PDMS to cover the master with a thickness of approximately 4 mm.</li>
<li>The master with the PDMS is then placed in a vacuum dessicator with the lid off the Petri dish, and vacuum is applied. This is done to help remove air bubbles from the PDMS that were introduced during the stirring in of the curing agent.&nbsp; It takes approximately 15 minutes for the air bubbles to be removed.</li>
<li>The master with PDMS is removed from the dessicator. An air gun with a 0.45 um filter is used to remove any remaining bubbles.</li>
<li>The master is then placed on an 80&deg;C hot plate for 1 hour to cure.</li>
</ol>
Note: If a vacuum dessicator is not available, the master can be left at room temperature for several hours. The air bubbles will eventually dissipate on their own. If a hot plate is not available, the PDMS will cure at room temperature after 24 hours.
Note: It is also important to make sure that the master is level during the curing process.
Part 2: Cutting out the neuron microfluidic device
<ol>
<li>Once the PDMS is cured on the master, it is taken to a clean hood.</li>
<li>Using a surgical blade, a circle is cut around the perimeter of the devices. When one inserts the blade into the PDMS, it is important to make contact with the silicon wafer but to NOT put too much pressure on the wafer, else the master will crack.</li>
<li>With a circle cut all the way around the devices (there are 4 devices per each 3" Silicon Master), the PDMS is carefully lifted off the master. This can be started by gently twisting the surgical blade as it is inserted into the prior cut.</li>
<li>Next, reservoirs are punched into the device using an 8 mm tissue biopsy punch.</li>
<li>The devices are then quartered and excess PDMS trimmed away so that the device will fit neatly on Corning Cover Glass (No. 1) 24 mm x 40 mm. Nitrogen air is used to blow away any excess debris. Stubborn debris can also be removed using 3M Scotch Brand 471 vinyl tape.</li>
</ol>
Part 3: Plasma bonding the devices to glass cover slips.
<ol>
<li>Plasma Cleaner is used to bond A Harrick the neuron devices to the cover slips. Briefly, the devices are placed in the plasma cleaner and a vacuum pump is used to evacuate air from the chamber.</li>
<li>After the vacuum pressure has reached 300 milliTorr, power is turned on to the electrical coil and set to high.</li>
<li>The electrical coil creates plasma, "a partially ionized gas consisting of electrons, ions and neutral atoms or molecules" - <a href="http://www.harrickplasma.com/plasma_physics.php">http://www.harrickplasma.com/plasma_physics.php</a>, out of the remaining air molecules left in the chamber. The plasma creates reactive species on the surfaces of the glass and the device, which when placed together will form a permanent bond. The plasma also turns the surfaces hydrophilic, which helps facilitate the addition of liquids. Additionally, the plasma cleaner sterilizes the devices. The surface of the PDMS device that contains the microfluidic device is placed face up into the plasma cleaner along with the glass slides. The plasma treated surfaces of the glass and microfluidic device are assembled in contact with each other&nbsp;at a clean bench, then placed in sterile 60 mm dishes. The treated surfaces form a tight irreversible bond. </li>
<li>Within 10 minutes of plasma bonding the devices to glass, Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) is added to the device. After 10 minutes, the hydrophilicity of the device will decrease making it difficult for the PLL to enter the device. Note: It is important to check for air bubbles in the device after the addition of PLL. Air bubbles in the main channel are undesirable, as they would oxidize cells. An easy method to remove any existing air bubbles is to use a P200 pipet filled with 150 ul of liquid (in this case PLL), place the tip directly at the opening of the main channel, and depress the P200 forcefully. This may need to be repeated several times but eventually the force from the pipet will drive the bubbles out. </li>
<li>The devices containing PLL are allowed to incubate overnight in a standard tissue culture incubator at 37&deg;C with 5% CO2.</li>
<li>The next day, the devices are rinsed twice quickly with autoclaved dH2O. During this process, liquid is never entirely removed from the main channels, only from the reservoirs. Removing liquid from the main channels will introduce bubbles. After 2 quick rinses, the devices are filled with autoclaved dH2O and placed back into the incubator for a minimum of 3 hours, or overnight.</li>
<li>The next day, the devices are once again rinsed 2 times quickly with autoclaved dH2O. Then, neural basal media, containing the necessary supplements B27 and glutamax for culturing primary rat neurons, is added to the devices. The devices are placed back in the incubator for future use. The devices are now ready for the seeding of neurons.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Park, J. W., Vahidi, B., , A. M., Rhee, S. W., Jeon, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+culture+platform+for+neuroscience+research..">Microfluidic culture platform for neuroscience research..</a> Nat Protoc. 1, 2128-2136 (2006).</li><li>Taylor, A. M., Blurton-Jones, M., Rhee, S. W., Cribbs, D. H., Cotman, C. W., Jeon, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+microfluidic+culture+platform+for+CNS+axonal+injury,+regeneration+and+transport.">A microfluidic culture platform for CNS axonal injury, regeneration and transport.</a> Nat Methods. 2, 599-605 (2005).</li></ol>

In this video we have demonstrated how to make and prepare a PDMS microfluidic device that we use to culture neurons in. The device allows us to obtain a pure axonal fraction separated by microgrooves from the compartment containing a mix of cell bodies, dendrites, and axons. These devices allow the researcher to study the effects of various treatments as well as provide a platform to carry out physical injury on the axons and observe what effects these treatments have on the neurons. The device also provides a level of order to culturing neurons that helps facilitate transport studies. In addition, the microgrooves, which separate the cell culture compartment from the axon compartment, allows for fluidic isolation between the two compartments making it possible to treat one side of the device without effecting the other side of the device directly with the treatment. This property allows the researcher to study effects such as signal transduction and transport that result from the treatment.

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>PDMS</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Dow Corning</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sylgard 184 with curing agent

Please consult Dow Corning to find a vendor near you</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Plasam Cleaner</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Harrick</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>http://www.harrickplasma.com/</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Neural Basal Media</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>21103-049</td>
<td>Neural Basal Media is obtained by Invitrogen under their Gibco line of cell culture reagents.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>B27</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>17504-044</td>
<td>B27 is a proprietary supplement available through Invitrogen under their Gibco line of cell culture reagents.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Glutamax</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>35050-061</td>
<td>Glutamax is available through Invitrogen under their Gibco line of celll culture reagents.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Cornig No. 1 Cover Glass</td>
<td>cover glass</td>
<td>Corning</td>
<td>Corning No. X2935 244</td>
<td>Available through Fisher Scientific, Fish Catalog number 12-531D</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>60 mm Petri Dish</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>08-757-13A</td>
<td>60 mm polystyrene sterile petri dishes are used to house the device bound to glass.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BD Falcon 50 ml Tube</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>Falcon No. 352098</td>
<td>Available through Fisher Scientific catalog number 14-959-49A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BD Falcon 15 ml tube</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>Falcon No. 352097</td>
<td>Available through Fisher Scientific catalog number 14-959-70C</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Poly-L-Lysine</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>P-1274</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>New Item</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>
			<div>
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fabrication of a microfluidic device for the compartmentalization of neuron soma and axons

In this video, we demonstrate the technique of soft lithography with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) which we use to fabricate a microfluidic device for culturing neurons. Previously, a silicon wafer was patterned with the design for the neuron microfluidic device using SU-8 and photolithography to create a master mold, or what we simply refer to as a "master". Next, we pour the silicon polymer PDMS on top of the master which is then cured by heating the PDMS to 80&deg;C for 1 hour. The PDMS forms a negative mold of the device. The PDMS is then carefully cut and lifted away from the master. Holes are punched where the reservoirs will be and the excess PDMS trimmed away from the device. Nitrogen is used to blow away any excess debris from the device. At this point the devices are now ready for use and can either bonded to corning No. 1 cover glass with a plasma sterilizer/cleaner or can be reversibly bound to the cover glass by simply placing the device on top of the cover glass. The reversible bonding of the device to glass is covered in a separate video and requires first that the device be sterilized either with 70% ethanol or by autoclaving. Plasma treating sterilizes the devices so no further treatment is necessary. It is, however, important, when plasma-treating the devices, to add liquid to the devices within 10 minutes of the plasma treatment while the surfaces are still hydrophilic. Waiting longer than 10 minutes to add liquid to the device makes it difficult for the liquid to enter the device. The neuron devices are typically plasma-bound to cover glass and 0.5 mg/ml poly-L-lysine (PLL) in pH 8.5 borate buffer is immediately added to the device. After a minimum of 3 hours incubating with PLL, the devices are washed with dH2O water a minimum of 3 times with at least 15 minutes between each wash. Next, the water is removed and fresh media is added to the device. At this point the device is ready for use. It is important to remember at this point to never remove all the media from the device. Always leave media in the main channel.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of a Microfluidic Device for the Compartmentalization of Neuron Soma and Axons at JoVE.com

Fabrication of a Microfluidic Device for the Compartmentalization of Neuron Soma and Axons

In this video we demonstrate the technique of soft lithography with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) which we use to farbricate a microfluidic device for culturing neurons.

In this video, we demonstrate the technique of soft lithography with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) which we use to fabricate a microfluidic device for ...

fabrication-microfluidic-device-for-compartmentalization-neuron-soma

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

35.2K Views.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). In questo video ci mostrano la tecnica della litografia soft con polidimetil silossano (PDMS) che usiamo per farbricate un dispositivo a microfluidi per i neuroni di coltura.

Video: Fabrication of a Microfluidic Device for the Compartmentalization of Neuron Soma and Axons

A Microfluidic Device with Groove Patterns for Studying Cellular Behavior

We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior. This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel and a bottom microgrooved substrate. To fabricate the microgrooved channels, a top poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mold containing the impression of the microfluidic channels was aligned and bonded to a microgrooved substrate. Using this device, mouse fibroblast cells were immobilized and patterned within microgrooved substrates (25, 50, 75, and 100 &mu;m wide). To study apoptosis in a microfluidic device, media containing hydrogen peroxide, Annexin V, and propidium iodide was perfused into the fluidic channel for 2 hours. We found that cells exposed to the oxidative stress became apoptotic. These apoptotic cells were confirmed by Annexin V that bound to phosphatidylserine at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane during the apoptosis process. Using this microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns, the apoptosis process was observed in real-time and analyzed by using an inverted microscope containing an incubation chamber (37&deg;C, 5% CO2). Therefore, this microfluidic device incorporated with microgrooved substrates could be useful for studying the cellular behavior and performing high-throughput drug screening.

We describe a protocol for the fabrication of microfluidic devices that can enable cell capture and culture. In this approach patterned microstructures such as grooves within microfluidic channels are used to create low shear stress regions within which cell can dock.

We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior.  This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel ...

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

 The fabrication and operation of a gradient-generating microfluidic device for studying cellular behavior is described.  A microfluidic platform is an enabling experimental tool, because it can precisely manipulate fluid flows, enable high-throughput experiments, and generate stable soluble concentration gradients.  Compared to conventional gradient generators, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based  microfluidic devices can generate stable concentration gradients of growth factors with well-defined profiles.  Here, we developed simple gradient-generating microfluidic devices with three separate inlets.  Three microchannels combined into one microchannel to generate concentration gradients.  The stability and shape of growth factor gradients were confirmed by fluorescein isothyiocyanate (FITC)-dextran with a molecular weight similar to epidermal growth factor (EGF).  Using this microfluidic device, we demonstrated that fibroblasts exposed to concentration gradients of EGF migrated toward higher concentrations.  The directional orientation of cell migration and motility of migrating cells were quantitatively assessed by cell tracking analysis.  Thus, this gradient-generating microfluidic device might be useful for studying and analyzing the behavior of migrating cells.

We describe a protocol for the microfabrication of the gradient-generating microfluidic device that can generate spatial and temporal gradients in well-defined microenvironment. In this approach, the gradient-generating microfluidic device can be used to study directed cell migration, embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.

 The fabrication and operation of a gradient-generating microfluidic device for studying cellular behavior is described.  A microfluidic platform is an ...

Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device

In this video, we demonstrate the preparation of E18 cortical rat neurons. E18 cortical rat neurons are obtained from E18 fetal rat cortex previously dissected and prepared. The E18 cortex is, upon dissection, immediately dissociated into individual neurons. It is possible to store E18 cortex in Hibernate E buffer containing B27 at 4&deg;C for up to a week before the dissociation is performed. However, there will be a drop in cell viability. Typically we obtain our E18 Cortex fresh. It is transported to the lab in ice cold Calcium free Magnesium free dissection buffer (CMFM). Upon arrival, trypsin is added to the cortex to a final concentration of 0.125%. The cortex is then incubated at 37&deg;C for 8 minutes. DMEM containing 10% FBS is added to the cortex to stop the reaction. The cortex is then centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 2 minutes. The supernatant is removed and 2 ml of Neural Basal Media (NBM) containing 2% B27 (vol/vol) and 0.25% Glutamax (vol/vol) is added to the cortex which is then re-suspended by pipetting up and down. Next, the cortex is triturated with previously fire polished glass pipettes, each with a successive smaller opening. After triturating, the cortex is once again centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 2 minutes. The supernatant is then removed and the cortex pellet re-suspended with 2 ml of NBM containing B27 and Glutamax. The cell suspension is then passed through a 40 um nylon cell strainer. Next the cells are counted. The neurons are now ready for loading into the neuron microfluidic device.

In this video we demonstrate the preparation of E18 Cortical Rat Neurons.

In this video, we demonstrate the preparation of E18 cortical rat neurons. E18 cortical rat neurons are obtained from E18 fetal rat cortex previously ...

PDMS Device Fabrication and Surface Modification

Cell Capture Using a Microfluidic Device

Non-plasma Bonding of PDMS for Inexpensive Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices

In this video, we demonstrate how to use the neuron microfluidic device without plasma bonding.  In some cases it may be desirable to reversibly bond devices to the Corning No. 1 cover glass.  This could be due, perhaps, to a plasma cleaner not being available.  In other instances, it may be desirable to remove the device from the glass after the culturing of neurons for certain types of microscopy or for immunostaining, though it is not necessary to remove the device for immunostaining since the neurons can be stained in the device.  Some researchers, however, still prefer to remove the device.  In this case, reversible bonding of the device to the cover glass makes that possible.  There are some disadvantages to non-plasma bonding of the devices in that not as tight of a seal is formed.  In some cases axons may grow under the grooves rather than through them.  Also, because the glass and PDMS are hydrophobic, liquids do not readily enter the device making it necessary at times to force media and other reagents into the device.  Liquids will enter the device via capillary action, but it takes significantly longer as compared to devices that have been plasma bonded.  The plasma cleaner creates temporary hydrophilic charges on the glass and device that facilitate the flow of liquids through the device after bonding within seconds.  For non-plasma bound devices, liquid flow through the devices takes several minutes.  It is also important to note that the devices to be used with non-plasma bonding need to be sterilized first, whereas plasma treated devices do not need to be sterilized prior to use because the plasma cleaner will sterilize them.

In this video we demonstrate how to use the neuron microfluidic device without plasma bonding.

In this video, we demonstrate how to use the neuron microfluidic device without plasma bonding.  In some cases it may be desirable to reversibly bond ...

Fabrication of the Thermoplastic Microfluidic Channels

In our lab, we have successfully isolated nucleic acids directly from microliter and submicroliter volumes of human blood, urine and stool using polymer/nanoparticle composite microscale lysis and solid phase extraction columns. The recovered samples are concentrated, small volume samples that are PCRable, without any additional cleanup. Here, we demonstrate how to fabricate thermoplastic microfluidic chips using hot embossing and heat sealing. Then, we demonstrate how to use in situ light directed surface grafting and polymerization through the sealed chip to form the composite solid phase columns. We demonstrate grafting and polymerization of a carbon nanotube/polymer composite column for bacterial cell lysis. We then show the lysis process followed by solid phase extraction of nucleic acids from the sample on chip using a silica/polymer composite column. The attached protocols contain detailed instructions on how to make both lysis and solid phase extraction columns.

Here we demonstrate how to fabricate thermoplastic microfluidic chips using hot embossing and heat sealing. Then we demonstrate how to use in situ light directed surface grafting and polymerization through the sealed chip to form the composite solid phase columns.

In our lab, we have successfully isolated nucleic acids directly from microliter and submicroliter volumes of human blood, urine and stool using ...

Assessing Neural Stem Cell Motility Using an Agarose Gel-based Microfluidic Device

While microfluidic technology is reaching a new level of maturity for macromolecular assays, cell-based assays are still at an infant stage1. This is largely due to the difficulty with which one can create a cell-compatible and steady microenvironment using conventional microfabrication techniques and materials. We address this problem via the introduction of a novel microfabrication material, agarose gel, as the base material for the microfluidic device. Agarose gel is highly malleable, and permeable to gas and nutrients necessary for cell survival, and thus an ideal material for cell-based assays. We have shown previously that agarose gel based devices have been successful in studying bacterial and neutrophil cell migration2. In this report, three parallel microfluidic channels are patterned in an agarose gel membrane of about 1mm thickness. Constant flows with media/buffer are maintained in the two side channels using a peristaltic pump. Cells are maintained in the center channel for observation. Since the nutrients and chemicals in the side channels are constantly diffusing from the side to center channel, the chemical environment of the center channel is easily controlled via the flow along the side channels. Using this device, we demonstrate that the movement of neural stem cells can be monitored optically with ease under various chemical conditions, and the experimental results show that the over expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) enhances the motility of neural stem cells. Motility of neural stem cells is an important biomarker for assessing cells aggressiveness, thus tumorigenic factor3. Deciphering the mechanism underlying NSC motility will yield insight into both disorders of neural development and into brain cancer stem cell invasion.

We demonstrate that the over expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) enhances the motility of neural stem cells(NSCs) using a novel agarose gel based microfluidic device. This technology can be readily adaptable to other mammalian cell systems where cell sources are scarce, such as human neural stem cells, and the turn around time is critical.

While microfluidic technology is reaching a new level of maturity for macromolecular assays, cell-based assays are still at an infant stage1. This is ...

Application of a C. elegans Dopamine Neuron Degeneration Assay for the Validation of Potential Parkinson's Disease Genes

Improvements to the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are dependent upon knowledge about susceptibility factors that render populations at risk. In the process of attempting to identify novel genetic factors associated with PD, scientists have generated many lists of candidate genes, polymorphisms, and proteins that represent important advances, but these leads remain mechanistically undefined. Our work is aimed toward significantly narrowing such lists by exploiting the advantages of a simple animal model system. While humans have billions of neurons, the microscopic roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans has precisely 302, of which only eight produce dopamine (DA) in hemaphrodites. Expression of a human gene encoding the PD-associated protein, alpha-synuclein, in C. elegans DA neurons results in dosage and age-dependent neurodegeneration.
Worms expressing human alpha-synuclein in DA neurons are isogenic and express both GFP and human alpha-synuclein under the DA transporter promoter (Pdat-1). The presence of GFP serves as a readily visualized marker for following DA neurodegeneration in these animals. We initially demonstrated that alpha-synuclein-induced DA neurodegeneration could be rescued in these animals by torsinA, a protein with molecular chaperone activity 1. Further, candidate PD-related genes identified in our lab via large-scale RNAi screening efforts using an alpha-synuclein misfolding assay were then over-expressed in C. elegans DA neurons. We determined that five of seven genes tested represented significant candidate modulators of PD as they rescued alpha-synuclein-induced DA neurodegeneration 2. Additionally, the Lindquist Lab (this issue of JoVE) has performed yeast screens whereby alpha-synuclein-dependent toxicity is used as a readout for genes that can enhance or suppress cytotoxicity. We subsequently examined the yeast candidate genes in our C. elegans alpha-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration assay and successfully validated many of these targets 3, 4.
Our methodology involves generation of a C. elegans DA neuron-specific expression vector using recombinational cloning of candidate gene cDNAs under control of the Pdat-1 promoter. These plasmids are then microinjected in wild-type (N2) worms, along with a selectable marker for successful transformation. Multiple stable transgenic lines producing the candidate protein in DA neurons are obtained and then independently crossed into the alpha-synuclein degenerative strain and assessed for neurodegeneration, at both the animal and individual neuron level, over the course of aging.

Application of a C. elegans Dopamine Neuron Degeneration Assay for the Validation of Potential Parkinson&#039;s Disease Genes

This video demonstrates how to use C. elegans to assess dopaminergic neuron neurodegeneration as a model for Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, genetic screens are used to identify factors that either enhance degeneration or are neuroprotective.

Improvements to the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are dependent upon knowledge about susceptibility factors that render populations ...

A Multi-compartment CNS Neuron-glia Co-culture Microfluidic Platform

We present a novel multi-compartment neuron co-culture microsystem platform for in vitro CNS axon-glia interaction research, capable of conducting up to six independent experiments in parallel for higher-throughput. We developed a new fabrication method to create microfluidic devices having both micro and macro scale structures within the same device through a single soft-lithography process, enabling mass fabrication with good repeatability.
The multi-compartment microfluidic co-culture platform is composed of one soma compartment for neurons and six axon/glia compartments for oligodendrocytes (OLs). The soma compartment and axon/glia compartments are connected by arrays of axon-guiding microchannels that function as physical barriers to confine neuronal soma in the soma compartment, while allowing axons to grow into axon/glia compartments. OLs loaded into axon/glia compartments can interact only with axons but not with neuronal soma or dendrites, enabling localized axon-glia interaction studies. The microchannels also enabled fluidic isolation between compartments, allowing six independent experiments to be conducted on a single device for higher throughput.
Soft-lithography using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is a commonly used technique in biomedical microdevices. Reservoirs on these devices are commonly defined by manual punching. Although simple, poor alignment and time consuming nature of the process makes this process not suitable when large numbers of reservoirs have to be repeatedly created. The newly developed method did not require manual punching of reservoirs, overcoming such limitations. First, seven reservoirs (depth: 3.5 mm) were made on a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block using a micro-milling machine. Then, arrays of ridge microstructures, fabricated on a glass substrate, were hot-embossed against the PMMA block to define microchannels that connect the soma and axon/glia compartments. This process resulted in macro-scale reservoirs (3.5 mm) and micro-scale channels (2.5 &mu;m) to coincide within a single PMMA master. A PDMS replica that served as a mold master was obtained using soft-lithography and the final PDMS device was replicated from this master.
Primary neurons from E16-18 rats were loaded to the soma compartment and cultured for two weeks. After one week of cell culture, axons crossed microchannels and formed axonal only network layer inside axon/glia compartments. Axons grew uniformly throughout six axon/glia compartments and OLs from P1-2 rats were added to axon/glia compartments at 14 days in vitro for co-culture.

We developed a novel multi-compartment neuron co-culture microsystem platform for in vitro CNS axon-glia interaction research. The platform is capable of conducting up to six independent experiments in parallel and was fabricated using a newly developed macro/micro hybrid fabrication method.

We present a novel multi-compartment neuron co-culture microsystem platform for in vitro CNS axon-glia interaction research, capable of conducting up to ...