The protocol was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration, and all the methods described here have been approved by the ethics committee of Daping Hospital (IRB: 2023168). Written consent was obtained from the patients.
1. Instruments for operation
<ol>
	<li>Conduct all the procedures under a surgical microscope. Ensure the availability of sterilized instruments and other equipment mentioned in the Table of Materials. Set the magnification between 3x-6x during the surgery, which is enough for dissection.</li>
</ol>
2. Inclusion and exclusion criteria
<ol>
	<li>Inclusion criteria: Include patients who are in a stable stage, have severe penile curvature and deformity, and are unable to finish sexual activity.</li>
	<li>Exclusion criteria: Do not include patients during the active stage or having a slight curvature of the penis, erection dysfunction, or no sexual desire.</li>
</ol>
3. Preparation for surgery
<ol>
	<li>Anesthetize before the procedure by combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (0.5% Ropivacaine, 2.5 mL) and then place the patient in a supine position.</li>
	<li>Use a rubber band as a tourniquet to tie the base of the penis, and inject normal saline into the corpus cavernosum of the penis to induce artificial erection. Assess the localization and degree of penile curvature using the ruler and the protractor.</li>
</ol>
4. Procedure
<ol>
	<li>Make a circular incision under the coronal sulcus, perform circumferential degloving of the foreskin along with the superficial fascia(dartos), and expose the Buck&#39;s fascia.</li>
	<li>Make a longitudinal incision along both sides of the penis shaft by a small circular blade adjacent to the urethra, at the Buck&#39;s fascia level, with a length of approximately 4-6 cm. Ensure that it fully exposes the plaque area on the dorsal side of the penis without damaging the nerves and blood vessels on the dorsal side of the penis</li>
	<li>Dissect Buck&#39;s fascia and meticulously separate it from either side toward the midline area on the dorsal side. Use precise dissection techniques, employing microscissors or a fine needle electrode (Disposable Radiofrequency Ablation Electrode) for cauterization to minimize possible injury to neurovascular bundles.</li>
	<li>Mark the extent of the plaque after complete exposure of the plaques on the dorsal area of the tunica albuginea.</li>
	<li>Utilize an electric grinding drill to ablate the fibrotic plaques. 
	NOTE: There is no need to remove all the rigid plaque tissue; the endpoint is to fully release the fibrotic plaques, allowing the corpus cavernosum and tunica albuginea to extend normally.</li>
	<li>Use unilateral or bilateral tunica vaginalis grafts or bovine pericardium to repair the defects of tunica albuginea based on the size of the defect. 
	NOTE: Ensure that the size of the repair material is significantly larger than the defect area.</li>
	<li>Make sure maximal penis stretching during suturing, allowing the tunica vaginalis or bovine pericardium loosely cover the defect without tension, providing adequate extension potential for erection.</li>
	<li>Reposition the neurovascular bundles and Buck&#39;s fascia.</li>
	<li>Re-induce artificial erection for the assessment of penile curvature. Make a minor plication of tunica albuginea to achieve complete rectification of curvature if needed. 
	NOTE: The suture material is 2-0 non-absorbable thread.</li>
	<li>Meticulously restore and suture the retracted dartos fascia and foreskin, respectively.</li>
</ol>
5. Postoperative care
<ol>
	<li>Moderately compress and bandage the penis, keeping it in an upright position for at least 2 weeks to prevent early inflammatory swelling of the foreskin and penis.</li>
	<li>Maintain postoperative intravenous antibiotic treatment every 12 h for 2-3 days and change to oral treatment for 5-7 days (Cefuroxime sodium, 1.5 g every 12 h).</li>
	<li>Use the vacuum device to assist the functional recovery of the corpus cavernosum for at least 8 weeks from 4 weeks after surgery.</li>
	<li>Advise the patient to take low-dose tadalafil (5 mg/day) orally once a day for 2-3 months 2 weeks after the surgery.</li>
	<li>Advise the patient to attempt sexual intercourse from 8 weeks after surgery.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Tsambarlis, P., Levine, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonsurgical+management+of+Peyronie's+disease.">Nonsurgical management of Peyronie's disease.</a> Nat Rev Urol. 16 (3), 172-186 (2019).</li><li>Sharma, K. L., Alom, M., Trost, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+etiology+of+Peyronie's+disease:+Pathogenesis+and+genetic+contributions.">The etiology of Peyronie's disease: Pathogenesis and genetic contributions.</a> Sex Med Rev. 8 (2), 314-323 (2020).</li><li>Almeida, J. L., Fel&#237;cio, J., Martins, F. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+planning+and+strategies+for+Peyronie's+disease.">Surgical planning and strategies for Peyronie's disease.</a> Sex Med Rev. 9 (3), 478-487 (2021).</li><li>Chung, P. H., Han, T. M., Rudnik, B., Das, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peyronie's+disease:+What+do+we+know+and+how+do+we+treat+it.">Peyronie's disease: What do we know and how do we treat it.</a> Can J Urol. 27 (3), 11-19 (2020).</li><li>Green, B., Flores, A., Warner, J., Kohler, T., Helo, S., Trost, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+collagenase+clostridium+histolyticum+to+surgery+for+the+management+of+Peyronie's+disease:+A+randomized+trial.">Comparison of collagenase clostridium histolyticum to surgery for the management of Peyronie's disease: A randomized trial.</a> J Urol. 210 (5), 791-802 (2023).</li><li>Ziegelmann, M. J., Bajic, P., Levine, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peyronie's+disease:+Contemporary+evaluation+and+management.">Peyronie's disease: Contemporary evaluation and management.</a> Int J Urol. 27 (6), 504-516 (2020).</li><li>Mois&#233;s Da Silva, G. V., D&#225;vila, F. J., Rosito, T. E., Martins, F. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+perspective+on+the+management+of+peyronie's+disease.">Global perspective on the management of peyronie's disease.</a> Front Reprod Health. 4, 863844 (2022).</li><li>Rice, P. G., Somani, B. K., Rees, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Twenty+years+of+plaque+incision+and+grafting+for+Peyronie's+disease:+A+review+of+literature.">Twenty years of plaque incision and grafting for Peyronie's disease: A review of literature.</a> Sex Med. 7 (2), 115-128 (2019).</li><li>Hauck, E. W., Weidner, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fran&#231;ois+de+la+Peyronie+and+the+disease+named+after+him.">Fran&#231;ois de la Peyronie and the disease named after him.</a> Lancet. 357 (9273), 2049-2051 (2001).</li><li>Manka, M. G., White, L. A., Yafi, F. A., Mulhall, J. P., Levine, L. A., Ziegelmann, M. 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I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+effectiveness+of+intralesional+therapy+for+Peyronie's+disease+in+controlled+clinical+studies:+A+systematic+review+and+network+meta-analysis.">Comparative effectiveness of intralesional therapy for Peyronie's disease in controlled clinical studies: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.</a> J Sex Med. 16 (2), 289-299 (2019).</li><li>Bole, R., Ziegelmann, M., Avant, R., Montgomery, B., Kohler, T., Trost, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient's+choice+of+health+information+and+treatment+modality+for+Peyronie's+disease:+A+long-term+assessment.">Patient's choice of health information and treatment modality for Peyronie's disease: A long-term assessment.</a> Int J Impot Res. 30 (5), 243-248 (2018).</li><li>Chung, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Penile+reconstructive+surgery+in+Peyronie+disease:+Challenges+in+restoring+normal+penis+size,+shape,+and+function.">Penile reconstructive surgery in Peyronie disease: Challenges in restoring normal penis size, shape, and function.</a> World J Mens Health. 38 (1), 1-8 (2020).</li><li>Terrier, J. E., Tal, R., Nelson, C. J., Mulhall, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Penile+sensory+changes+after+plaque+incision+and+grafting+surgery+for+Peyronie's+disease.">Penile sensory changes after plaque incision and grafting surgery for Peyronie's disease.</a> J Sex Med. 15 (10), 1491-1497 (2018).</li><li>Levine, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Partial+plaque+excision+and+grafting+(peg)+for+Peyronie's+disease.">Partial plaque excision and grafting (peg) for Peyronie's disease.</a> J Sex Med. 8 (7), 1842-1845 (2011).</li><li>Sokolakis, I., Pyrgidis, N., Hatzichristodoulou, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+collagen+fleece+(tachosil)+as+grafting+material+in+the+surgical+treatment+of+Peyronie's+disease.+A+comprehensive+narrative+review.">The use of collagen fleece (tachosil) as grafting material in the surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease. A comprehensive narrative review.</a> Int J Impot Res. 34 (3), 260-268 (2022).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

In this study, we developed a new surgical strategy combining microscopic electric rotary grinding of plaques with graft repair to manage PD. The preliminary results showed that the corrective effect is satisfactory. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the combined application of microscopic technology and an electric grinding drill for the surgical correction of PD. 
Currently, various treatment options are recommended for PD patients, ranging from oral medications and in...

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a chronic fibrotic condition that contributes to penile deformity, curvature, pain, sexual disability, and even leading to psychological distress1. PD likely represents a heterogeneous condition, with both heritable and environmentally-driven epigenetic factors contributing to its development and progression2. 
The reported epidemiology of PD varies and may be under-reported because of embarrassment and misconceptions about the available treatment options, with 0.4%-20.3% among different ethnicities and cohorts2,3. The treatment for PD includes conservative therapy or surgical intervention, depending on symptom severity and stability. Conservative therapy is the most common recommendation during the active phase, while more invasive treatments are reserved for the passive phase4. A recent randomized, controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum (CCH) + RestoreX penile traction vs. Surgery + RestoreX penile traction in Peyronie's disease management demonstrated comparable results between these two strategies5.
Although penile traction therapy and intralesional injections result in modest improvements for many patients, surgical intervention remains the final solution for this disease, especially for those with severe curvature and hourglass or hinge deformities1. Currently, penile straightening, such as penile plication and plaque incision or partial excision and grafting, represents the most reliable approach to correct penile curvature or deformity6. However, the reported methods have a high rate of sensory loss, erection function loss, or cosmetic dissatisfaction5,7,8. 
An electric grinder is commonly used in neurosurgery and orthopedics as an effective tool for bone shaping. It exhibits high efficiency in grinding hard tissues, like bones, while causing minimal damage to soft tissues. This characteristic gives it a unique advantage in the treatment of hard plaques.
In this study, we developed a new management strategy involving microscopic electric rotary grinding of the fibrous plaques and the use of tunica vaginalis or bovine pericardium as graft materials in the treatment of PD, which delivered high levels of patient satisfaction. This protocol is applicable for patients with severe curvature or other deformities that limit their ability to engage in satisfactory penetrative intercourse.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine pericardium</td>
			<td>Guanhao Biotech, Guangzhou, Co.</td>
			<td>TB-S6050/TB-S3050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cefuroxime sodium</td>
			<td>Yiyi Saite, Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>0.75 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable Radiofrequency Ablation Electrode (Multifunctional Surgical Dissector)</td>
			<td>Chongqing Andiyingge Techology Developement Co.,Ltd</td>
			<td>SZ02068</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Operating microscope system</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>OPMI VARIO 700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyglactin thread</td>
			<td>Ethicon, LLC</td>
			<td>Vicryl, W9981</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ropivacaine</td>
			<td>Yiyi Saite, Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>0.5%,2.5 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum device</td>
			<td>Shenzhen Chunyu Biotech Co.</td>
			<td>CY078</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

microscopic electric rotary grinding of plaques combined with graft repair in the management of peyronie's disease

Peyronie's Disease (PD) is clinically characterized by the development of localized fibrous plaques, primarily on the tunica albuginea, especially on the dorsal area of the penis. These plaques are the hallmark feature of this condition, resulting in penile curvature, deformity, and painful erections for affected individuals. Although various nonsurgical treatment options exist, their overall effectiveness is limited. As a result, surgical intervention has become the ultimate choice for patients with severe penile curvature deformities and associated erectile dysfunction. Our research team has successfully employed a combined approach involving microscopic electric rotary grinding of the fibrous plaques and the use of tunica vaginalis or bovine pericardium as graft materials for the repairing of the defects of tunica albuginea in the treatment of PD. This approach has consistently yielded highly satisfactory results regarding the restoration of penile shape, with excellent cosmetic results and significantly improved sexual satisfaction. 
This protocol aims to present a comprehensive surgical management strategy utilizing electric rotary grinding of the plaques and repairing the defects of tunica albuginea by using the tunica vaginalis, which represents an optimal surgical strategy for treating PD.

A total of 21 patients were included from January 2021 to May 2023. The patient&#39;s age ranges from 34 to 68 years, with an average of 51.5 &#177; 9.4 years old. Of the total number of patients, 8 (38.1%) had diabetes. A total of 16 patients (76.2%) showed significant simple dorsal curvature of the penis, with a curvature angle of 60-90&#176; and 5 patients (23.8%) presented with complex hourglass-like deformities with both dorsiflexion and lateral curvature, or accompanied by constriction like deformities, with bendin...

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Microscopic Electric Rotary Grinding of Plaques Combined with Graft Repair in the Management of Peyronie's Disease at JoVE.com

Microscopic Electric Rotary Grinding of Plaques Combined with Graft Repair in the Management of Peyronie&#039;s Disease

The presented protocol describes a microscopic surgical method for the treatment of Peyronie's disease by using electric rotary grinding of the plaques followed by using the tunica vaginalis or bovine pericardium as a graft for the repairing of the defects of the tunica albuginea.

Microscopic Electric Rotary Grinding of Plaques Combined with Graft Repair in the Management of Peyronie's Disease

Peyronie's Disease (PD) is clinically characterized by the development of localized fibrous plaques, primarily on the tunica albuginea, especially on the ...

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488 Views.  Army Medical University. Dopo aver posizionato il paziente anestetizzato in posizione supina sul letto chirurgico, utilizzare un elastico come laccio emostatico per legare la base del pene. Iniettare soluzione fisiologica normale nei corpi cavernosi del pene per indurre l'erezione artificiale. Praticare un'incisione circolare sotto il solco coronale.Eseguire la degustatura circonferenziale del prepuzio, insieme alla fascia superficiale, ed esporre la fascia del cervo. Usando una piccola lama circolare, pratica...

Video: Microscopic Electric Rotary Grinding of Plaques Combined with Graft Repair in the Management of Peyronie's Disease

Surgical Management of Meatal Stenosis with Meatoplasty

Meatal stenosis is a common urologic complication after circumcision. Children present to their primary care physicians with complaints of deviated urinary stream, difficult-to-aim, painful urination, and urinary frequency. Clinical exam reveals a pinpoint meatus and if the child is asked to urinate, he will usually have an upward, thin, occasionally forceful urinary stream with incomplete bladder emptying. The mainstay of management is meatoplasty (reconstruction of the distal urethra /meatus). This educational video will demonstrate how this is performed.

Meatoplasty, surgical management of meatal stenosis.

Meatal stenosis is a common urologic complication after circumcision.  Children present to their primary care physicians with complaints of deviated ...

High Throughput Sequential ELISA for Validation of Biomarkers of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Unbiased discovery proteomics strategies have the potential to identify large numbers of novel biomarkers that can improve diagnostic and prognostic testing in a clinical setting and may help guide therapeutic interventions. When large numbers of candidate proteins are identified, it may be difficult to validate candidate biomarkers in a timely and efficient fashion from patient plasma samples that are event-driven, of finite volume and irreplaceable, such as at the onset of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a potentially life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Here we describe the process of performing commercially available ELISAs for six validated GVHD proteins: IL-2R&alpha;5, TNFR16, HGF7, IL-88, elafin2, and REG3&alpha;3 (also known as PAP1) in a sequential fashion to minimize freeze-thaw cycles, thawed plasma time and plasma usage. For this procedure we perform the ELISAs in sequential order as determined by sample dilution factor as established in our laboratory using manufacturer ELISA kits and protocols with minor adjustments to facilitate optimal sequential ELISA performance. The resulting plasma biomarker concentrations can then be compiled and analyzed for significant findings within a patient cohort. While these biomarkers are currently for research purposes only, their incorporation into clinical care is currently being investigated in clinical trials.
This technique can be applied to perform ELISAs for multiple proteins/cytokines of interest on the same sample(s) provided the samples do not need to be mixed with other reagents. If ELISA kits do not come with pre-coated plates, 96-well half-well plates or 384-well plates can be used to further minimize use of samples/reagents.

High throughput validation of multiple candidate biomarkers can be performed by sequential ELISA in order to minimize freeze/thaw cycles and use of precious plasma samples. Here, we demonstrate how to sequentially perform ELISAs for six different validated plasma biomarkers1-3 of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)4 on the same plasma sample.

Unbiased discovery proteomics strategies have  the potential to identify large numbers of novel biomarkers that can improve  diagnostic and prognostic ...

Induction of Atherosclerotic Plaques Through Activation of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice

Atherosclerosis is due to a chronic inflammatory response affecting vascular endothelium and is promoted by several factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. To date, there is evidence to support a role for circulating aldosterone as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Transgenic mouse models have been generated to study cellular and molecular processes leading to atherosclerosis. In this manuscript, we describe a protocol that takes advantage of continuous infusion of aldosterone in ApoE-/- mice and generates atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root after 4 weeks of treatment. We, therefore, illustrate a method for quantification and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions at the aortic root level. The added value of aldosterone infusion is represented by the generation of atherosclerotic lesions rich in lipid and inflammatory cells after 4 weeks of treatment. We describe in detail the staining procedures to quantify lipid and macrophage content within the plaque. Notably, in this protocol, we perform heart tissue-embedding in OCT in order to preserve the antigenicity of cardiac tissue and facilitate detectability of antigens of interest. Analysis of the plaque phenotype represents a valid approach to study the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis development and to identify novel pharmacological targets for the development of anti-atherogenic drugs.

We describe a protocol to induce atherosclerosis in the aortic root of ApoE-/- mice fed with an atherogenic diet, through a continuous release of aldosterone. Methods to characterize plaque composition are also described.

Atherosclerosis is due to a chronic inflammatory response affecting vascular endothelium and is promoted by several factors such as hypertension, ...

Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment

Kidney transplantation is a life-saving treatment for a large number of people with end-stage renal dysfunction worldwide. The procedure is associated with an increased survival rate and greater quality of patient&#8217;s life when compared to conventional dialysis. Regrettably, transplantology suffers from a lack of reliable methods for organ quality assessment. Standard diagnostic techniques are limited to macroscopic appearance inspection or invasive tissue biopsy, which do not provide comprehensive information about the graft. The proposed protocol aims to introduce solid phase microextraction (SPME) as an ideal analytical method for comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomic analysis of all low molecular compounds present in kidneys allocated for transplantation. The small size of the SPME probe enables performance of a chemical biopsy, which enables extraction of metabolites directly from the organ without any tissue collection. The minimum invasiveness of the method permits execution of multiple analyses over time: directly after organ harvesting, during its preservation, and immediately after revascularization at the recipient&#8217;s body. It is hypothesized that the combination of this novel sampling method with a high-resolution mass spectrometer will allow for discrimination of a set of characteristic compounds that could serve as biological markers of graft quality and indicators of possible development of organ dysfunction.

The protocol presents utilization of the chemical biopsy approach followed by comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic analysis for quality assessment of kidney grafts allocated for transplantation.

Kidney transplantation is a life-saving treatment for a large number of people with end-stage renal dysfunction worldwide. The procedure is associated ...

The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited

The microscopic transcanal (aka transmeatal) surgical approach was first described in the 60s, offering a minimally invasive means of reaching the external auditory canal, the middle ear, and epitympanon. Such an approach avoids a retroauricular or endaural skin incision; however, working through a narrow space needs angled microsurgical instruments and specific training in otologic surgery. The transcanal approach restricts the working space; however, it offers a binocular microscopic vision into the middle ear without extended skin incisions and thus, reducing post-operative pain and bleeding. In addition, this minimally invasive approach avoids scar tissue complications, hypoesthesia of the auricle, and potential protrusion of the pinna. Despite its numerous advantages, this method is still not routinely performed by otologic surgeons. Since this minimally invasive technique is more challenging, there is a need for extensive training in order for it to be widely adopted by otologic surgeons. This article provides step-by-step surgical instructions for stapes surgery and reports possible indications, pitfalls, and limitations using this microscopic transcanal technique.

This article describes the microscopic transcanal technique for stapes surgery, providing step-by-step surgical instructions for familiarizing surgeons with this approach.

The microscopic transcanal (aka transmeatal) surgical approach was first described in the 60s, offering a minimally invasive means of reaching the ...

Establishment and Evaluation of a Porcine Vein Graft Disease Model

Venous graft disease (VGD) is the leading cause of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) failure. Large animal models of CABG-VGD are needed for the investigation of disease mechanisms and the development of therapeutic strategies. 
To perform the surgery, we enter the cardiac chamber through the third intercostal space and carefully dissect the internal mammary vein and immerse it in normal saline. The right main coronary artery is then treated for ischemia. The target vessel is incised, a shunt plug is placed, and the distal end of the graft vein is anastomosed. The ascending aorta is partially blocked, and the proximal end of the graft vein is anastomosed after perforation. The graft vein is checked for patency, and the proximal right coronary artery is ligated. 
CABG surgery is performed in minipigs to harvest the left internal mammary vein for its use as a vascular graft. Serum biochemical tests are used to evaluate the physiological status of the animals after surgery. Ultrasound examination shows that the proximal, middle, and distal end of the graft vessel are unobstructed. In the surgical model, turbulent blood flow in the graft is observed upon histological examination after the CABG surgery, and venous graft stenosis associated with intimal hyperplasia is observed in the graft. The study here provides detailed surgical procedures for the establishment of a repeatable CABG-induced VGD model.

In this protocol, novel pig vein bypass grafting was performed through a small incision in the left chest wall without cardiopulmonary bypass. A postoperative pathology study was done, which showed intimal thickening.

Venous graft disease (VGD) is the leading cause of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) failure. Large animal models of CABG-VGD are needed for the ...

Application of Laparoscopic Hepatectomy Combined with Intraoperative Microwave Ablation in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis

Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a common treatment for colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Previously, a sufficient number of functional liver masses had to be maintained during laparoscopic hepatectomy, with a residual liver volume of &gt;40% in cirrhotic patients and &gt;30% in non-cirrhotic patients. The high incidence of complications such as bleeding, bile leakage, or liver failure due to the exposure and difficulty of the resection of specific liver segments such as S2 and S7 reduces the success rate of liver resection. At present, microwave ablation is mainly applied in the treatment of liver metastasis using a percutaneous approach, which makes it difficult to identify hidden parts or small lesions. For some liver segments, the percutaneous puncture of liver segment 7 (S7) is likely to pass through the thoracic cavity, and the percutaneous puncture of liver segment 2 (S2) adjacent to the diaphragm is likely to injure the diaphragm and heart; these issues restrict the application of percutaneous ablation in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Considering multiple lesions, laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with hepatectomy was performed in this study. The location of the lesions was determined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound under laparoscopy, and small lesions that were difficult to detect before the operation were identified. For the scattered lesions, which had diameters less than 3 cm and were difficult to resect, ablation was adopted to substitute hepatectomy. This technique helped to more explicitly locate the tumors, simplified the operation procedures, reduced the risk of complications such as bleeding and bile leakage, shortened the operation time, accelerated the postoperative recovery, significantly improved the success rate of operation, and enhanced the clinical prognosis of colorectal cancer liver metastasis by surgical resection.

This protocol describes the laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases combined with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation. This technique can safely, effectively, and accurately treat refractory liver metastases &lt;3 cm, reduce postoperative complications, and accelerate the postoperative rehabilitation of patients.

Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a common treatment for colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Previously, a sufficient number of functional liver masses had to ...

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst

Epididymal cysts mostly occur in men aged 20-40 years old. Previous reports have covered concerns about postoperative complexes, including postoperative asoedema, hematoma, sustaining pain, and seminal tract obstruction in patients who have undertaken nonmicroscopic epididymal cyst resection or epididymal resection. Nonmicroscopic epididymal cyst surgery is suggested for patients with childbirth plans as a precaution. The treatment of male epididymal cysts via microtechnology is obviously a beneficial option; we took the lead in carrying out microscopic epididymal exploration and cyst resection surgery in China. From September 2017 to April 2021, 41 young and middle-aged male patients diagnosed with epididymal cysts underwent microtechnology treatment in a program titled &#34;microscopic epididymal exploration and cystectomy&#34;. The postoperative follow-up lasted for 3-50 months. The results confirmed that, as microscopic manipulation largely improved visualization of the subtle tissue structures of the epididymis, the cyst could be clearly dissected apart and completely removed intact under the microscope. Bleeding during the operation was significantly reduced (2-3 mL) and wound drainage was not required. According to follow-up data, microscopic treatment significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative scrotal hematoma, edema, and long-term postoperative pain, thereby promising a higher surgical success rate as well as recurrence prevention. Besides, preliminary experience and reflection suggest that microscopic epididymal exploration and cystectomy provide efficient preservation of the epididymal patency through refined treatment, while a better prognosis can be achieved. We recommend that surgery be carried out before the epididymal cyst develops to 0.8 cm in diameter, for fear that a larger epididymal cyst (&#62;0.9 cm in diameter) could cause the complete destruction of all tubules of the ipsilateral epididymis - a more severe case with damage to the testicular output network.

Here, we present a protocol to treat patients diagnosed with an epididymal cyst using microscopic cyst resection. Based on microscopic manipulation, a largely improved visualization of the subtle tissue structures of the epididymis was obtained, so the cyst could be clearly dissected apart and completely removed intact.

Epididymal cysts mostly occur in men aged 20-40 years old. Previous reports have covered concerns about postoperative complexes, including postoperative ...

Management of the Uncinate Process in No-Touch Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a demanding abdominal operation that necessitates meticulous surgical skills and teamwork. The management of the pancreatic uncinate process is one of the most important and difficult processes in LPD because of its deep anatomical location and difficult exposure. Complete resection of the uncinate process and mesopancreas has become the cornerstone of LPD. In particular, it is even more difficult to avoid positive surgical margins and incomplete lymph node dissection when the tumor is located in the uncinate process. No-touch LPD, which is an ideal oncological operation process fitting the "tumor-free" principle, has been reported by our group previously. This article introduces the management of the uncinate process in no-touch LPD. Based on the multi-angle arterial approach, in this protocol, the median-anterior and left-posterior approaches to the SMA are used to correctly deal with the important vascular structure, the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA), in order to ensure the safe and complete excision of the uncinate process and mesopancreas. For the achievement of the no-touch isolation technique in LPD, the pancreatic head and the blood supply to the duodenal region must be severed at the very early stage of the operation; after that, the tumor can be isolated intact, resection can be performed in situ, and finally, the tissue can be removed en bloc. This paper aims to show the distinctive ways to manage the uncinate process in no-touch LPD and investigate the viability and safety of this approach. Moreover, the technique may increase the R0 resection rate.

Complete resection of the uncinate process and mesopancreas is one of the most important and difficult processes in laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD). This article presents a method for managing the uncinate process in no-touch LPD using the median-anterior and left-posterior approaches to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA).

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a demanding abdominal operation that necessitates meticulous surgical skills and teamwork. The management of ...

Tai Chi with Mindfulness Training to Manage Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent chronic complications of diabetes. One of its crucial therapy approaches is mind-body exercise. Recently, various exercise modalities, including stepping, resistance, aerobics, balance, and whole-body vibration, were investigated to construct the most suitable form of exercise for patients with DPN. The purpose of this study is to describe a standard protocol for mindfulness training combined with Tai Chi. The convenience sampling method was used to select 90 patients with DPN who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from three communities. The three communities were randomly divided into the control group (CG), the Tai Chi group (TCG), and the mindfulness training combined with the Tai Chi group (MTCG). The CG was given routine health education guidance once a month, a total of three times. Based on the CG, the TCG practiced Tai Chi three times; the MTCG received mindfulness training combined with Tai Chi exercise a week for a total of 12 weeks. Before the intervention and 12 weeks after the intervention, the clinical symptoms, neurological function, attention awareness level, pain, and quality of life of the subjects were evaluated by Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Visual analog scale (VAS), Diabetes Specificity Quality of life Scale (DSQL) and tumor necrosis factor-&#945;. Overall, the addition of mindfulness training to Tai Chi effectively enhances the exercise effects of Tai Chi. Therefore, mindfulness training combined with Tai Chi is worthy of promotion and application.

Author Spotlight: Integrating Tai Chi with Mindfulness Training to Achieve an Effective Mind-Body Exercise 

When studying exercise for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), achieving mind-body exercise is essential. This study proposes a protocol for mindfulness training combined with Tai Chi to achieve mind-body exercise.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent chronic complications of diabetes. One of its crucial therapy approaches is mind-body ...