<a href="https://www.jove.com/video/50401">Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta Using the Ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model</a>
Stefanie Grafm&uuml;ller1,2,3, Pius Manser2, Harald F. Krug2, Peter Wick2, Ursula von Mandach1
1Department of Obstetrics, Perinatal Pharmacology, University Hospital Zurich, 2Laboratory for Materials - Biology Interactions, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, 3Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern
The ex vivo dual recirculating human placental perfusion model can be used to investigate the transfer of xenobiotics and nanoparticles across the human placenta. In this video protocol we describe the equipment and techniques required for a successful execution of a placenta perfusion.
<a href="https://www.jove.com/video/50429">Generation of Human Cardiomyocytes: a Differentiation Protocol from Feeder-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells</a>
Elisa Di Pasquale1,2, Belle Song1, Gianluigi Condorelli1
1Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Italy, 2Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR)
Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, constitute a valuable source of human differentiated cells, including cardiomyocytes. Here, we will focus on cardiac induction of iPS cells, showing how to use them to obtain functional human cardiomyocytes through an embryoid bodies-based protocol.
<a href="https://www.jove.com/video/2608">Shallow Water (Paddling) Variants of Water Maze Tests in Mice</a>
Robert M.J. Deacon
<a href="https://www.jove.com/institutions/EU-europe/GB-united-kingdom/15302-university-of-oxford">Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford</a>
Mice can swim, but many strains appear to find this activity stressful. To overcome this problem mazes have been devised where escape from shallow water is used to motivate behaviour. These have been demonstrated to support learning at least as good as the traditional and widely used Morris water maze.
<a href="https://www.jove.com/video/4369">Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with Auditory Stimulation in Songbirds</a>
Lisbeth Van Ruijssevelt, Geert De Groof, Anne Van der Kant, Colline Poirier, Johan Van Audekerke, Marleen Verhoye, Annemie Van der Linden
<a href="https://www.jove.com/institutions/EU-europe/BE-belgium/25399-university-of-antwerp">Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp</a>
This article shows an optimized procedure for imaging of the neural substrates of auditory stimulation in the songbird brain using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). It describes the preparation of the sound stimuli, the positioning of the subject and the acquisition and subsequent analysis of the fMRI data.
<a href="https://www.jove.com/video/4375">Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues</a>
Marcus Cheetham, Lutz Jancke
Department of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich
Investigation of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis and affective experience requires an understanding of the hypothesis' dimension of human likeness (DHL). This protocol allows representation of the DHL and examination of categorical perception. Use of the same stimuli and fMRI to distinguish brain regions responsive to physical and category change is illustrated.Investigation of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis and affective experience requires an understanding of the hypothesis' dimension of human likeness (DHL). This protocol allows representation of the DHL and examination of categorical perception. Use of the same stimuli and fMRI to distinguish brain regions responsive to physical and category change is illustrated.
<a href="https://www.jove.com/video/50212">How to Detect Amygdala Activity with Magnetoencephalography using Source Imaging</a>
Nicholas L. Balderston1, Douglas H. Schultz1, Sylvain Baillet2,3, Fred J. Helmstetter1,3
1Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3<a href="https://www.jove.com/institutions/NA-north-america/US-united-states/WI-wisconsin/6800-medical-college-of-wisconsin">Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin</a>
This article describes how to record amygdala activity with magnetoencephalography (MEG). In addition this article will describe how to conduct trace fear conditioning without awareness, a task that activates the amygdala. It will cover 3 topics: 1) Designing a trace conditioning paradigm using backward masking to manipulate awareness. 2) Recording brain activity during the task using magnetoencephalography. 3) Using source imaging to recover signal from subcortical structures.

No conflicts of interest declared.

june 2013: this month in jove

Here's a look at what's coming up in the <a href="http://www.jove.com/archive/76/june-2013">June 2013 issue</a> of JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.
Since JoVE first launched in 2006, we have periodically expanded our scope-adding sections devoted to <a href="http://www.jove.com/neuro">Neuroscience</a>, <a href="http://www.jove.com/i2">Immunology &amp; Infection</a>, <a href="http://www.jove.com/ctm">Clinical &amp; Translational Medicine</a>, <a href="http://www.jove.com/bioengineering">Bioengineering</a>, <a href="http://www.jove.com/ap">Applied Physics</a>, and <a href="http://www.jove.com/chem">Chemistry</a>.
We are now pleased to introduce <a href="http://www.jove.com/behavior">JoVE Behavior</a>, which explores the science behind various behavioral aspects of humans and animals. These include addiction, learning &amp; memory, social interaction, and emotion.
One article in this new section addresses a phenomenon where things become more likeable if they look more like humans. For example, this robotic vacuum cleaner is less appealing than these beloved robots. However, when they are almost (but not quite) humanlike, robots suddenly become repulsive before becoming likeable again. This sudden drop is the focus of the "Uncanny Valley Hypothesis," which <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/4375">Cheetham and Jancke</a> examine by generating a continuum of images morphing from human faces to avatars (graphical representations). Then, using volunteers to judge which images represent humans or avatars, they define category boundaries and use neuroimaging to identify brain regions sensitive to category change.
Another article in JoVE Behavior features magnetoencephalography, or MEG, which can record brain activation in real time. Combining this technique with high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/50212">Balderston, et al.</a> model the sources of the MEG signal to show neural activation in regions of interest in the brain during learning tasks.
In behavioral neuroscience, human learning and speech can be modeled with birdsong. <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/4369">Ruijssevelt, et al.</a> present a method for performing blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI (BOLD fMRI) on zebra finches. Although fMRI is especially challenging in these tiny animals, this method allows successful imaging of neural substrates of auditory stimuli in the zebra finch brain.
A lot of behavioral research is done in rats using the <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/897">Morris water maze</a>, in which the rat must find an escape platform in a pool of water. However, unlike the classic "sewer rat," mice evolved in dry areas and aren't always spectacular swimmers like rats. Therefore, <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/2608">Deacon</a> uses the Oxford paddling pool, which has shallow water and is less stressful than the classic water maze. It also has the escape hatch on the side of the pool, which is a more natural escape route. The paddling pool model can be adapted to other behavioral testing setups, such the Y-maze. These shallow-water tests can provide more ideal systems for testing learning and memory in mice.
By now, you're probably behaving very excitedly about our new <a href="http://www.jove.com/behavior">Behavior</a> section! But don't forget the <a href="http://www.jove.com/general">other subjects</a> covered in JoVE. In one video article, <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/50429">Di Pisquale, et al.</a> make embryoid bodies from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and use them as a source of cardiomyocytes that express cardiac-specific markers.
In <a href="http://www.jove.com/bioengineering">JoVE Bioengineering</a>, we focus on the placenta, which is the interface between a developing fetus and the mother. The placenta separates the fetal and maternal circulation systems, but some drugs and chemicals can cross this barrier. <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/50401">Grafm&uuml;ller, et al.</a> demonstrate a method for studying the transport of compounds in an actual placenta using an ex vivo perfusion model.
You've just had a preview of a few highlights for the month of <a href="http://www.jove.com/archive/76/june-2013">June</a>. Visit the website to see the full-length articles, plus many more, in <a href="http://www.jove.com/">JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments</a>.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about June 2013: This Month in JoVE at JoVE.com

June 2013: This Month in JoVE

Here are some highlights from the June 2013 Issue of Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).

Here's a look at what's coming up in the June 2013 issue of JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.
Since JoVE first launched in 2006, we have ...

Without Section

6.7K ビュー.  Massachusetts Eye and Ear. ここでは可視化実験（Joveの）のジャーナルの2013年6月号からのいくつかのハイライトです。

ビデオ: June 2013: This Month in JoVE

August 2012: This Month in JoVE

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and mirrors to refract and direct light to optical sensors. The August 2012 issue of JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) is marked by the third publication from the Ozcan Lab (University of California, Los Angeles) on their lens free lens-free "on-chip" microscopy platform, which they have pioneered.
Back in 2009, the Ozcan lab published their first article, which demonstrated the use of a lens-free imaging platform that could image cells within whole blood. This imaging technique involves placing a sample directly on an optoelectric sensor array, like the CCD or CMOS chips found in the standard camcorder. Then, LED illumination from above the sample casts shadows on the chip, which are recorded as digital holograms that can be subjected to image processing. Not only does this lensless imaging system allow for an extremely large field of view (FOV of 0.6-8 cm2), the lack of bulky optical components makes it excellent for microfluidic applications. The Ozcan group demonstrates this in their follow-up 2011 JoVE article, in which fluorescently labeled white blood cells are imaged within a microfluidic chip.
This August in JoVE, the Ozcan group demonstrates further advancements to their lens-free microscopy platform by applying it to tomographic imaging of the nematode, C. elegans. By changing the angle of illumination, using a motorized rotation stage, the Ozcan group shows how multiple holographic slices may be generated for a sample-which, following processing, can be combined into tomograms. The Ozcan group confirms that their 3D reconstruction of the worm is successful by citing that the pharyngeal tube, a 5-micron-thick structure, is only visible in a single slice and in a 3D reconstructed cross section.
The compact and inexpensive nature of the lens-free imaging systems - designed and assembled by the Ozcan group - make them well suited for point-of-care diagnostic applications, or even cell phone based microscopy that can be performed in the field.
At the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center at University of California, San Francisco JoVE learns how to visualize morphological changes in single cells using three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy and computer analysis. In this procedure, cells are given agonist, antagonist plus agonist, or no treatment, and prepared for immunofluorescence microscopy. Three-dimensional images are acquired with the help of a two-photon laser system, and the fluorescence data are processed on the computer using Imaris and Matlab.
To demonstrate the power of this technique, our authors quantify single-cell phenotypic changes in transfected HEK293 cells. Three-dimensional morphometric analysis shows dramatic changes in cells treated with agonist. These changes are not always apparent when using conventional 2D analysis. This technique allows morphological changes in single cells to be quantified and characterized in response to pharmacologic stimuli, offering a powerful new assessment tool to the arsenal of drug discovery research.
This month, in JoVE Applied Physics, we travel to South Carolina to visit the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Clemson University. Here, researchers show us how to construct lithium batteries for laboratory research.
The basic components of a lithium coin cell are the working electrode, the lithium electrolyte, and a lithium foil counter electrode. The different components of the coin cell are carefully assembled and sealed with a crimping machine. The finished coin cell can then be characterized in a battery tester. Using their homemade coin cells, our researchers can experiment with using different materials to make the cathodes of lithium coin cells.
This month in JoVE Immunology and Infection, we head to Basel, Switzerland to witness two techniques for diagnosing helminth infections. We also see how investigators perform the shuttle run test in children, in order to assess the effects of these infections on physical fitness.
Helminths are parasitic worms that can live inside humans and animals. Many species infect the intestinal tract, and may be transmitted through soil. Our authors demonstrate the Kato-Katz technique, which is used for diagnosing several common soil-transmitted helminths. They also demonstrate the Baermann technique, which uses light to stimulate the migration of certain types of phototactic helminths out of sample preparations. The various types of helminth species can subsequently be determined based on morphology.
Our authors then demonstrate how to set up and perform a 20-meter shuttle run test for children, and to measure the impact of helminth infections on physical fitness. This method can help determine the true burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections on overall health.
This brief summary highlights but a few notable video-articles that will be released in August. We'll also feature articles that demonstrate how to express genes in the midbrain of the chick embryo, study neutrophil transmigration in parallel flow chambers lined with endothelial cells, and precisely measure proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix.

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and mirrors to refract and direct light to optical sensors. The August 2012 issue of JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) is marked by the third publication from the Ozcan Lab (University of California, Los Angeles) on their lens-free "on-chip" microscopy platform, which they have pioneered.

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

2012: A Year In Review

Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
At the start of 2012, JoVE reached a major milestone by publishing our 1500th article. In this publication, in JoVE Bioengineering, Yu et al. described a method for analyzing the free radical composition of cigarette smoke. This method simulated cigarette puffing with a single-port smoking device, and combined it with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to measure the degree to which antioxidant compounds can scavenge free radicals in cigarette smoke. A possible outcome of this research is the creation of less harmful cigarettes.
JoVE Bioengineering also contained the most-viewed article of 2012. Owczarczak et al. described a method for hacking a standard inkjet printer, loading ink cartridges with a cell-suspension "bioink," and printing lines of live cells onto glass slides. The thermal inkjet printing process creates temporary pores in the cell membrane, visualized by the incorporation of fluorescently labeled actin monomers. This concept, called "bioprinting," has many potential applications in cell and tissue engineering.
Also in 2012, JoVE Bioengineering featured a protocol by Hsia et al. for isolating and purifying spider silk protein, spinning it into fibers, and assessing the fiber strength. This protocol for laboratory-scale production of spider silk, which is stronger than tensile steel, can potentially be extended to large-scale manufacturing.
In JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine, we featured a number of articles related to stroke, one of which. In one article, M&ouml;bius-Winkler et al. demonstrated placement of the WATCHMAN left atrial appendage occlusion device from Boston Scientific. This device is designed to prevent strokes by trapping clots within the left atrial appendage of the heart before they exit. Our authors demonstrated how to insert the guide wire through the femoral artery into the heart, advance the device into the left atrium, and deploy the device in the left atrial appendage.
Another article focused on stroke, Hamel et al. described the use of a driving simulator to study how patients compensate for visual field defects following stroke. By analyzing the compensatory gaze behavior of patients as they navigated through virtual driving courses with varying degrees of complexity, our authors see great potential for the use of driving simulators in stroke rehabilitation.
In JoVE Immunology and Infection, we published an article by Keyel et al. describing the real-time kinetics of immune cell responses to bacterial toxins using live cell microscopy. Combined with high-speed 3D confocal microscopy, this technique can also visualize the cellular repair response.
Also in JoVE Immunology and Infection, we featured an article by Yap et al. describing methods for diagnosing helminth infections in children. Helminths are parasitic worms that can infect the intestinal tract of humans and animals, and may be distinguished based on their morphology. The same article demonstrated how to measure the impact of helminth infections on physical fitness in children, which is a measure of overall health.
In JoVE Neuroscience, we featured a method by Hoffmann et al., who used tiny headphones to alter the auditory feedback in songbirds, and analyzed the computational and neurophysiological basis of vocal learning in birds when they adjust their singing in response to altered acoustic signals.
Also in JoVE Neuroscience, we moved from birds to bees with a method that assesses associative and non-associative tactile learning in honeybees. This method, by Mujagi&#263; et al., allowed bees to scan different metal surfaces with their antennae, then conditioned them to expect sugar water when their antennae touched particular surfaces, and analyzed the corresponding changes in antennal movement.
In 2012, we launched a brand-new section: JoVE Applied Physics, which features articles on subjects ranging from plasma physics to material science. The Applied Physics section also contained JoVE's 2000th video article, filmed in a synchrotron radiation facility, where Borisenko et al. showed how to determine the electronic structure of complex materials using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
In the JoVE General section, we published an article by Artioli et al. demonstrating the use of a portable gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption during complex exercise - such as judo. By analyzing oxygen consumption and collecting blood for measuring plasma lactate concentration, this method can determine the relative contributions of different energy systems to specific aspects of complex exercise.
Finally, JoVE followed Dolhi et al. to a permanently ice-covered saline lake in Antarctica. There, scientists drilled through the ice to study single-celled microorganisms called protists that live in the harsh conditions of Antarctica.
This Year in Review was just a brief glimpse of a few of over 600 video articles that JoVE offered in 2012. Browse the JoVE archives to see thousands of other videos, and stay tuned for what's coming up this year in JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.

Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).

 
 
Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
At the start of 2012, JoVE ...