Focus in an efficient way, the new important field in print electronics, specifically for OS, opening possibilities for really The process is optimized for the bolt machine concept. The simplicity of OS lubrication in a good trade off between simple device architecture and useful efficiencies that is, and now, a huge technological problem. The main issues besides the correct choice of host grasp metrics, composition, concentration, solvent, and so on, can be focused into three aspects, spin coding the position, solvent preparation, and the electrical balance of the electrical charge.
lubrication, via solution persistent process, seems to be simple, because it's high in device fibers of merit. Some critical aspects during fabrication need to be 35. Begin by preparing the host matrix.
Add 15 milligrams of OXD7 to a small vial. Then add five milligrams of PVK. Then add 10 milligrams 2PXZOXDTADF emitter to another small vial.
Add two milliliters of chlorobenzene to the vial with the host matrix and one milliliter to the vial with the TADF material. The final concentration of chlorobenzene in both vials should be 10 milligrams per milliliter. Stir the solutions with small cleaned magnetic stir bars for at least three hours until complete dissolution of the materials.
Ensure that the vials are safely covered with respective caps and tightly sealed with organic chemical-safe film to avoid any evaporation of solvents. Sequentially clean pre patterned Indian tin oxide or ITO substrates in an ultrasonic bath containing 1%hellmanex solution in water at 95 degrees Celsius, then acetone at room temperature, and then to propanol at room temperature for 15 minutes per bath. Handle the substrates with tweezers only touching them at the corner.
Try the substrate with nitrogen flux to remove any cleaning solvent residue. Then expose the substrates to UV ozone treatment for five minutes with the ITO film facing upwards. Filter the PEDOT:PSS with a 0.45 micrometer polyvinylidene fluoride filter and fill a micro pipette with 100 microliters of the solution.
Carefully place the substrate on the spin coder truck and activate the vacuum system to fix it. Rotate the ITO face up and center the substrate area as much as possible. Set the parameters for the spin coating to 3, 000 RPM for 30 seconds.
Set an initial step of two to three seconds at low rotation. Keeping the micro pipette perpendicular to the substrate, drop the PEDOT:PSS in the middle of the substrate and start the spin coder. After the spin coding is complete, turn off the vacuum and remove the substrate with a tweezer.
Use the small cotton swab soaked in water to remove the excess deposited film around the cathode and corner areas of the substrate keeping the central pixeled area untouched. Incubate the substrate in an oven or on a hot plate at 120 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes to remove the PEDOT:PSS solvent, then transfer it to a glove box and leave it to cool at room temperature. To prepare the solution for the immersive layer, combine 1.8 milliliters of the host solution and 0.2 milliliters of TADF solution in a clean vial.
Filter the solution with a 0.1 micrometer PTFE filter, then leave it to stir for 15 minutes at room temperature. Follow the previously described procedure to deposit the second solution with the spin coder spinning at 2, 000 RPM for 60 seconds. Use a cotton swab soaked in chlorobenzene to remove any excess of the second film.
Leave the substrate on a hot plate inside the glove box at 70 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to completely remove the excess chlorobenzene. Then leave it to cool at room temperature. Insert the substrate into the sample holder with the desired evaporation mask making sure that the films are facing down.
Include the necessary crucibles and fill them with the appropriate materials. Place the substrate holder with the samples in the evaporator sample holder. Close the chamber and pump it down making sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions for the specific evaporator system.
Evaporate a 40 nanometer film of TNPYPB, then a two nanometer film of lithium fluoride and finally, a 100 nanometer film of aluminum. Characteristics of the fabricated LEDs are shown here. The turn-on voltage was extremely low, around 3 volts, an interesting result for a two-organic layer device.
The maximum brightness was around 8, 000 candelas per square meter without using an integrating sphere. The maximum values for current efficiency, power efficiency and external quantum efficiency were around 16 candelas per ampere, 10 lumens per watt and 8%respectively. The good trade off between device structure simplicity and reliability efficient should be asserted the best information possible without defects in all Particularly important, the metals concept can be extended to different kind of parameters, for instance, organic and inorganic materials.
Although we particular specificities, the main idea is
