Author Spotlight: Assessing Brain Activity in Robotic-Assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation Using fNIRS

In this study, we aim to investigate the feasibility of an experimental protocol involving movements of the lower limb attached to a robotic device and simultaneous acquisition of functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS, data. Few studies have employed fNIRS to study brain activation in stroke, motor recovery, and lower limb movements, focusing mainly on single joint actions, walking, or cycling. Our study pioneers in exploring multi-joints lower limb training for target rehabilitation.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS, effectively measures temporal changes in brain blood oxygenation, serving as an indirect brain activity indicator, to functional MRI signals. Unlike fMRI, fNIRS is compatible with robotic hardware, portable, and more robust to motion artifacts. There are two main challenge.

The first is to synchronize the robotic device movements with fNIRS data. The second is to obtain enough data to achieve the statistical power, to detect hemodynamic changes in only six minutes. Our study confirmed the feasibility of the protocol and yielded anticipated results.

In the assisted condition, only two subject exhibited significant brain activation. The unassisted exercise, requiring more effort, showed a greater HbO concentration change than assisted ones, with notable difference in the contralateral PMC.